The Big Society Bank - how did we get here, and where are we going now?

A lack of capital looking to invest in the sector has long been the complaint of many working in and around Social Enterprise. The Coalition Government’s ‘Big Society Bank’ proposals are designed to address this issue, and the recently created Big Society Investment Fund is the first step in these proposals becoming a reality.

It would be fair to say that the Bank has had a long gestation period. It's now approaching five years since these proposals first saw the light of day, and whilst their final emergence into the world has been widely welcomed, there remains a significant amount of uncertainty around what the Bank will actually deliver and when. This post explores the long and winding road that got the Big Society Bank to where it is today and outlines where the project stands at present.

The bank is the brainchild of Sir Ronald Cohen, private equity trailblazer turned social finance evangelist. The current proposals build on the conclusions of the 2005-2007 Commission for Unclaimed Assets that he chaired. The Commission recommended the establishment of a Social Investment Wholesale Bank in order to address the undersupply of finance to the social enterprise and third sectors. The proposals received support both from the then Labour government and from opposition parties. However in the years that followed, whilst the plumbing was put in place, including an Act of Parliament, changes to the banking code, and in 2009 a detailed Cabinet Office report, little progress was made on the wholesale bank’s establishment. The financial crisis and bank bailouts caused the issue to slip down the agenda of Gordon Brown’s administration.

In March 2010 the proposals were given new life when David Cameron announced his support for Cohen’s bank. In line with his wider ‘Big Society’ agenda, Cameron christened it the ‘Big Society Bank’. Since taking office in May 2010, the Coalition government has continued to push forward these proposals. Whilst other Big Society advisors have fallen by the wayside, Ronald Cohen has continued to be a driving force behind the Big Society Bank proposals. Despite his energy, progress has been slow. After a cabinet office report on the vision for social investment in February this year, a Cabinet Office briefing paper outlining how the Bank would work was eventually published in May.

The paper states that the Big Society Bank will:

• Expand the amount of capital available to the social investment market


• Improve social entrepreneurs' ability to access it


• Develop a market of investors who wish to support it


• Support financial innovations that allow organisations to be rewarded for delivering social outcomes [ref. Social Impact Bonds, another of Cohen’s progency]


• Support the development of community-led, social enterprise initiatives to improve opportunities for young people, and


• Act as a ‘social investment champion’ - promoting information sharing and networking, publishing research and investing in sector capacity building

All of these objectives (except the one around youth services, which presumably stems from this 2007 idea) can be found in the 2009 Cabinet Office paper - which actually explored them in far greater depth - and leave Cohen’s vision pretty much completely intact, seeing off proposals for the bank itself to become a direct investor in social enterprises.

The May 2011 proposals were welcomed by the Minister for the Cabinet Office, Sir Francis Maude, and the Bank retains the government's support. Work is ongoing with a small team in the Cabinet Office assigned to deliver the policy. The current hope is that the bank will fully open for business in Spring 2012 - half a decade after the initial proposals were published.

However, even now, large questions remain unanswered - how much money will the bank have to invest? Who will it focus on and what will be the cost of the capital it offers? And, most obviously, why has it all taken so long? A future post will explore these and other key questions that are yet to be addressed about an institution that will undoubtedly have a transformational effect on social enterprise in the UK.